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What is Digital Transformation...

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Still many of us don’t exactly know what the digital transformation is. Because we do have also the different views on Digital transformation. We are business man, engineer, developer, designer, marketer, sales man, manufacturer as we are all a professional in around many kinds of industries.  Even I am who work over last 10 years on technology and business area in many industries but did not manage to convince why your company needs Digital transformation why your industry haven’t yet to reach that level that we can call the innovation, breakthrough or transformed from tradition. So now…which of the way is most appropriate to us to understand Digital Transformation and how to actualize it into our organization.  We all work in many industries like Pharmaceutical, Information Technology, Service industry, Supply Chain, Manufacturer and so on. But have every different view on that in reality. In a dictionary, it says the Digital Transformation is that to...
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How does MODI algorithm find the optimal solution?

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'MODI' algorithm' figures out the opportunity cost which cost can be saved if we were choose that option. So when we know the opportunity cost that is larger than the cost of chosen cells, then we can instead assign the item, for instance, into the cells having lower cost than the opportunity cost and can save the delivery cost from. Improvement indices: l l = cost (of cell) - u - v In a matrix, when it comes to the optimal solution, each unoccupied cell should have non-negative 'l' improvement indices. Which means that the cost of the unoccupied cells is large enough with the opportunity cost (u, v) so that we do not have to assign items into that cell instead. Great youtube video:
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Why a negative coefficient of variable means it is not optimal in simplex method?

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Why a negative coefficient of variable means it is not optimal in Simplex method? Which means why we should make all coefficient non-negative(positive) for optimization of MAX linear programming problem? When we have the following MAX problem. MAX 3x + 5y This can be transformed to the Standard form: z - 3x - 5y As long as we have a negative coefficient in this standard form equation then there is still a way to increase 'z' value by increasing 'x', 'y' as well. However, when having positive one : z + 3x +5y then there is no way to increase 'z' value unless 'x' or 'y' has a negative value. Which is not available by the condition: S.T. x, y >0 Therefore, in order to find the optimum solution of MAX problem, we only need to make sure all coefficients are positive of Objective Function equation.
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What is Covariance?

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I have no idea how many times to search "What is Covariance?" in Google... Here hope one simple page easily summarizes Covariance. 　 Variance X Name Math score English score Smith 78 80 Alice 90 55 Lee 45 92 George 65 85 Ben 83 76 mean 72.2 77.6 　 X-E[X] 　 　 Smith 5.8 2.4 ->(times) 13.92 Alice 17.8 -22.6 -> -402.28 Lee -27.2 14.4 -> -391.68 George -7.2 7.4 -> -53.28 Ben 10.8 -1.6 -> -17.28 COV= -170.12 Covariance value is -170.12
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Cluster Analysis In SPSS (Hierarchical, Non-hierarchical & Two-step)

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How to calculate the Upper Bound in 0-1 Knapsack problem

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How to calculate the Upper Bound in 0-1 Knapsack problem. It is very simple. Example: 1. Calculate Profit/weight to know each profit of each weight 2. Sort Profit/weight by descending 8/5=1.65 11/7=1.57 6/4=1.5 4/3=1.3 3. Add each item once (due to 0-1 Knapsack problem) from the top of the list Profit = 8+11 Weight = 5+7 Knapsack's capacity is 14. To now those takes 5+7=12. So it only has 2 spare weight. Third item has 4 weight and 6 profit. Make it fraction so it's profit goes 6*1/2 = 3 (third item's profit) Profit = 8+11+3=22 Weight = 5+7+2=14 The possible maximum profit (in the situation of fraction available) is 22. 22 is the Upper Bound. Ref:  http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1267331/0-1-knapsack-upper-bound
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What is the Shadow price?

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The shadow price can be thought that is the profit increase by the resource increase. In other words on the decision making purpose if you want to know how much profit would increase depending on the resources invested or spends, then the shadow price shows the level of profit increase from that. I believe there provide great explanation on the internet enough so wouldn't describe here more but for Korean here translated for those. 섀도우 금액은 자원의 추가 투자 또는 소비에 대해 늘어나는 단위 이익을 말한다.
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